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Delgado-Lista stories receiving charges for lectures and academic actions from Amgen, Ferrer, Instituto Cervantes, Mylan-Viatrix, Novo Nordisk, Servier and the Spanish Society of Inner Medication. Please see the research for all different authors’ related monetary disclosures.
A Mediterranean weight-reduction plan was superior to a low-fat weight-reduction plan in stopping main CV occasions in secondary prevention of CVD, based on findings from the CORDIOPREV research.
In a single-center evaluation following greater than 1,000 sufferers assigned to 2 high-intensity weight-reduction plan interventions for 7 years, researchers additionally discovered the intervention successfully modified the dietary habits for each the Mediterranean and the low-fat weight-reduction plan teams, leading to important dietary adjustments towards the assigned weight-reduction plan.
Knowledge had been derived from Delgado-Lista J, et al. Lancet. 2022;doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00122-2.
“In males, the Mediterranean diet confirmed a good greater superiority than the low-fat weight-reduction plan, with an almost 33% discount in main cardiovascular occasions,” Javier Delgado-Lista, MD, PhD, of the lipids and atherosclerosis unit at Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia in Cordoba, Spain, and colleagues wrote. “The Mediterranean weight-reduction plan additionally confirmed greater efficacy within the whole cohort (males and lady) with out a household historical past of coronary coronary heart illness, in members with an LDL lower than 100 mg/dL at baseline, in sufferers youthful than age 70 years at research entry, and people with a dietary adherence of greater than 80% to the assigned weight-reduction plan all through the research.”
Outcomes by weight-reduction plan kind
Delgado-Lista and colleagues analyzed information from 1,002 adults with established CHD (aged 20 to 75 years) randomly assigned to a Mediterranean weight-reduction plan or a low-fat weight-reduction plan intervention, with a follow-up of seven years. The imply age was 60 years and 82.5% of members had been males.
Scientific investigators had been masked to remedy task; members weren’t. The first end result was a composite of main CV occasions, together with MI, revascularization, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery illness and CV dying.
The findings had been revealed in The Lancet.
Researchers discovered members in each teams adhered to the 2 diets; the Mediterranean and the low-fat weight-reduction plan teams additionally elevated their fiber consumption (imply, 2.3 g per 1,000 kcal vs. 3.2 g per 1,000 kcal) as a result of a better consumption of greens, fruits and legumes. Contributors in each teams additionally decreased consumption of purple or processed meats, candy or carbonated drinks and fats spreads.
The first endpoint occurred in 87 members within the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan group and in 111 within the low-fat group, for a crude price of 28.1 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 27.9-28.3) within the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan vs. 37.7 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 37.5-37.9) within the low-fat group (P = .039).
In all fashions, researchers discovered the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan was superior to a low-fat weight-reduction plan.
Adjusted HRs for the first endpoint ranged from 0.719 (95% CI, 0.541-0.957) to 0.753 (95% CI, 0.568-0.998) in favor of the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan vs. low-fat consuming plan.
“When evaluating the completely different parts of the composite main end result, we didn’t discover any important statistical distinction between diets,” the researchers wrote.
When evaluating affected person subgroups, the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan was superior to the low-fat weight-reduction plan in members with out a household historical past of CHD, in these with out hypertension at baseline, in these youthful than 70 years at research entry, and people with LDL decrease than 100 mg/dL.
“The truth that main endpoint charges had been decrease than anticipated may help the speculation that the 2 diets had excessive efficacy in stopping cardiovascular recurrences and help the earlier outcomes of research with low-fat diet vs. management diets or with the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan in members at excessive danger in main prevention,” the researchers wrote.
Findings important for males
The researchers additionally famous that the prevalence of the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan was greater in males, suggesting there was not sufficient energy within the feminine group or that intercourse is an element within the dietary response. Major endpoints occurred in 16.2% of males within the Mediterranean weight-reduction plan group vs. 22.8% of males within the low-fat weight-reduction plan group, for an adjusted HR of 0.669 (95% CI, 0.489-0.915; P = .013); nevertheless, there have been no between-group variations for the ladies.
“On this sense, our research was designed to signify the inhabitants with ischemic coronary heart illness and all sufferers who met the recruitment standards had been included, no matter intercourse,” the researchers wrote. “Future research must be created with enough energy to unveil particular sex-related results in ladies.”
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