Willett, W. et al. Meals within the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Fee on wholesome diets from sustainable meals methods. Lancet 393, 447–492 (2019).
Soergel, B. Local weather motion throughout the UN 2030 Agenda: a sustainable improvement pathway. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 656–664 (2021).
Afshin, A. et al. Well being results of dietary dangers in 195 nations, 1990–2017: a scientific evaluation for the World Burden of Illness Examine 2017. Lancet 393, 1958–1972 (2019).
Hirvonen, Ok., Bai, Y., Headey, D. & Masters, W. A. Affordability of the EAT–Lancet reference weight loss plan: a worldwide evaluation. Lancet Glob. Well being 8, e59–e66 (2020).
The State of Meals Safety and Vitamin within the World 2020: Reworking Meals Techniques for Inexpensive Wholesome Diets Vol. 2020 (Meals and Agriculture Group, 2020).
Locke, H. et al. A Nature-Constructive World: The World Objective for Nature (Wildlife Conservation Society, 2020).
Popp, A. et al. Land-use futures within the Shared Socio-economic Pathways. Glob. Environ. Change 42, 331–345 (2017).
Hasegawa, T. et al. Danger of elevated meals insecurity beneath stringent world local weather change mitigation coverage. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 699–703 (2018).
Frank, S. et al. Decreasing greenhouse gasoline emissions in agriculture with out compromising meals safety? Environ. Res. Lett. 12, 105004 (2017).
van Vuuren, D. P. et al. Pathways to realize a set of formidable world sustainability goals by 2050: explorations utilizing the IMAGE built-in evaluation mannequin. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 98, 303–323 (2015).
Springmann, M. et al. Well being-motivated taxes on pink and processed meat: a modelling examine on optimum tax ranges and related well being impacts. PLoS ONE 13, e0204139 (2018).
Gerten, D. et al. Feeding ten billion folks is feasible inside 4 terrestrial planetary boundaries. Nat. Maintain. 3, 200–208 (2020).
Moyer, J. D. & Hedden, S. Are we on the precise path to realize the Sustainable Improvement Objectives? World Dev. 127, 104749 (2020).
Farm to Fork Technique: For a Honest, Wholesome and Environmentally-Pleasant Meals System (European Union, 2020).
Valin, H., Hertel, T., Bodirsky, B. L., Hasegawa, T. & Stehfest, E. Attaining Zero Starvation by 2030: A Overview of Quantitative Assessments of Synergies and Tradeoffs amongst the UN Sustainable Improvement Objectives (Scientific Group for the UN Meals System Summit, 2021).
Riahi, Ok. et al. The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their power, land use, and greenhouse gasoline emissions implications: an summary. Glob. Environ. Change 42, 153–168 (2017).
Soergel, B. et al. Combining formidable local weather insurance policies with efforts to eradicate poverty. Nat. Commun. 12, 2342 (2021).
Mora, O. et al. Exploring the way forward for land use and meals safety: a brand new set of world eventualities. PLoS ONE 15, e0235597 (2020).
van Meijl, H. et al. Modelling different futures of world meals safety: insights from FOODSECURE. Glob. Meals Secur. 25, 100358 (2020).
Collaborative Framework for Meals Techniques Transformation: A Multi-Stakeholder Pathway for Sustainable Meals Techniques (UN Setting, 2019).
Arslan, A. et al. IFAD RDR 2021—Framework for the Evaluation and Evaluation of Meals Techniques Transformations (IFAD and Wageningen Univ., 2021).
Ekmekcioglu, C. et al. Purple meat, ailments, and wholesome options: a vital overview. Crit. Rev. Meals Sci. Nutr. 58, 247–261 (2018).
The State of Meals and Agriculture: Livestock within the Stability (FAO, 2009); http://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1235525/
Springmann, M. et al. Well being and dietary points of sustainable weight loss plan methods and their affiliation with environmental impacts: a worldwide modelling evaluation with country-level element. Lancet Planet. Well being 2, e451–e461 (2018).
Zaharia, S. et al. Sustained consumption of animal-sourced meals is related to much less stunting in younger kids. Nat. Meals 2, 246–254 (2021).
Temme, E. H. et al. Demand-side meals insurance policies for public and planetary well being. Sustainability 12, 5924 (2020).
Laborde, D., Mamun, A., Martin, W., Piñeiro, V., & Vos, R. Modeling the Impacts of Agricultural Help Insurance policies on Emissions from Agriculture (No. w27202) (Nationwide Bureau of Financial Analysis, 2020).
A Multi-Billion-Greenback Alternative—Repurposing Agricultural Help to Remodel Meals Techniques (FAO, UNDP and UNEP, 2021); https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en
Kalkuhl, M., Knopf, B. & Edenhofer, O. CO2-Bepreisung: Mehr Klimaschutz mit mehr Gerechtigkeit (MCC Working Paper, 2021).
Edenhofer, O. & Kowarsch, M. Cartography of pathways: a brand new mannequin for environmental coverage assessments. Environ. Sci. Coverage 51, 56–64 (2015).
Swinburn, B. et al. Monitoring and benchmarking authorities insurance policies and actions to enhance the healthiness of meals environments: a proposed Authorities Wholesome Meals Setting Coverage Index. Obes. Rev. 14, 24–37 (2013).
Smed, S., Scarborough, P., Rayner, M. & Jensen, J. D. The results of the Danish saturated fats tax on meals and nutrient consumption and modelled well being outcomes: an econometric and comparative threat evaluation analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 70, 681–686 (2016).
Huber, R. et al. Illustration of decision-making in European agricultural agent-based fashions. Agric. Syst. 167, 143–160 (2018).
Dunn, W. N. Public Coverage Evaluation (Routledge, 2015).
Implementing Fiscal and Pricing Insurance policies to Promote Wholesome Diets: A Overview of Contextual Elements (World Well being Organisation, 2021).
Colchero, M. A., Popkin, B. M., Rivera, J. A. & Ng, S. W. Beverage purchases from shops in Mexico beneath the excise tax on sugar sweetened drinks: observational examine. Brit. Med. J. 352, h6704 (2016).
Kehlbacher, A., Tiffin, R., Briggs, A., Berners-Lee, M. & Scarborough, P. The distributional and dietary impacts and mitigation potential of emission-based meals taxes within the UK. Climatic Change 137, 121–141 (2016).
Making Higher Insurance policies for Meals Techniques (OECD, 2021); https://doi.org/10.1787/ddfba4de-en
Saxena, A. et al. The distributional influence of taxing sugar-sweetened drinks: findings from an prolonged cost-effectiveness evaluation in South Africa. BMJ Glob. Well being 4, e001317 (2019).
Maniadakis, N., Kapaki, V., Damianidi, L. & Kourlaba, G. A scientific overview of the effectiveness of taxes on nonalcoholic drinks and high-in-fat meals as a way to forestall weight problems developments. Clin. Outcomes Res. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S49659 (2013).
Saget, C., Vogt-Schilb, A. & Luu, T. Jobs in a Internet-Zero Emissions Future in Latin America and the Caribbean (Inter-American Improvement Financial institution and Worldwide Labour Group, 2020).
China and World Meals Coverage Report: Rethinking Agrifood Techniques for the Put up-COVID World (AGFEP, 2021).
VallgĂ¥rda, S., Holm, L. & Jensen, J. D. The Danish tax on saturated fats: why it didn’t survive. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 223–226 (2015).
Parsons, Ok., Sharpe, R. & Hawkes, C. Who Makes Meals Coverage in England? A Map of Authorities Actors and Actions (Meals Analysis Collaboration, 2020).
Beatty, T. Ok., Blow, L., Crossley, T. F. & O’Dea, C. Money by another identify? Proof on labeling from the UK Winter Gas Cost. J. Public Econ. 118, 86–96 (2014).
GBD Food regimen Collaborators Well being results of dietary dangers in 195 nations, 1990–2017: a scientific evaluation for the World Burden of Illness Examine 2017. Lancet 393, 1958–1972 (2019).
Crippa, M. et al. Meals methods are liable for a 3rd of world anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nat. Meals 2, 198–209 (2021).
Abdeen, Z. & NCD Danger Issue Collaboration Worldwide developments in body-mass index, underweight, obese, and weight problems from 1975 to 2016: a pooled evaluation of 2416 population-based measurement research in 128.9 million kids, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 390, 2627–2642 (2017).
Bodirsky, B. L. et al. The continuing diet transition thwarts long-term targets for meals safety, public well being and environmental safety. Sci. Rep. 10, 19778 (2020).
Sutton, M. A. et al. Our Nutrient World: The Problem to Produce Extra Meals and Vitality with Much less Air pollution (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 2013).
Beusen, A. H., Bouwman, A. F., Van Beek, L. P., MogollĂ³n, J. M. & Middelburg, J. J. World riverine N and P transport to ocean elevated in the course of the twentieth century regardless of elevated retention alongside the aquatic continuum. Biogeosciences 13, 2441–2451 (2016).
Lee, Ok. Ok. et al. Adversarial well being results related to family air air pollution: a scientific overview, meta-analysis, and burden estimation examine. Lancet Glob. Well being 8, e1427–e1434 (2020).
Statistical Database (FAOSTAT, 2021); http://faostat3.fao.org/
State of World Air 2019: A Particular Report on World Publicity to Air Air pollution and its Illness Burden (Well being Results Institute, 2019).
Abstract for Policymakers of the World Evaluation Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Providers of the Intergovernmental Science-Coverage Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Providers (IPBES, 2019).
Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune (World Financial institution, 2020).
World Social Report 2020: Inequality in a Quickly Altering World (United Nations, 2020).
Willoughby, R. & Gore, T. Ripe for Change: Ending Human Struggling in Grocery store Provide Chains (Oxfam, 2018).
2020 World Meals Coverage Report: Constructing Inclusive Meals Techniques (IFPRI, 2020).
Uneven Floor: Land Inequality on the Coronary heart of Unequal Societies (Land Inequality Initiative, 2020).
Andrews, C. et al. The State of Financial Inclusion Report 2021: The Potential to Scale (World Financial institution Publications, 2021).
The State of Meals and Agriculture—Social Safety and Agriculture: Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty (Meals and Agriculture Group of the United Nations, 2015).
Barrett, C. B. et al. Bundling improvements to rework agri-food methods. Nat. Maintain. 3, 974–976 (2020).
Rising Higher: Ten Important Transitions to Remodel Meals and Land Use (Meals and Land Use Coalition, 2019).
Vitamin and Meals Techniques: A Report by the Excessive Degree Panel of Consultants on Meals Safety and Vitamin of the Committee on World Meals Safety (HLPE, 2017).
Dragusanu, R., Giovanucci, D. & Nunn, N. The economics of honest commerce. J. Econ. Perspect. 28, 217–236 (2014).
Wilshaw, R. UK Grocery store Provide Chains: Ending the Human Struggling Behind our Meals (Oxfam, 2018).
Thiele, G. & Friedmann, M. The Important Significance of RTB Crops within the One CGIAR Portfolio Analysis Temporary 02 (CGIAR, 2020).
Kuik, O. & Hofkes, M. Border adjustment for European emissions buying and selling: competitiveness and carbon leakage. Vitality Coverage 38, 1741–1748 (2010).
Mehling, M. A. & Ritz, R. A. Going Past Default Intensities in an EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2087 (College of Economics, College of Cambridge, 2020).
Brown, A. J. & Koettl, J. Lively Labor Market Applications: How, Why, When, and to What Extent are they Efficient? Europe and Central Asia Data Temporary Problem No. 58 (World Financial institution, 2012).
Olsho, L. E., Klerman, J. A., Wilde, P. E. & Bartlett, S. Monetary incentives enhance fruit and vegetable consumption amongst Supplemental Vitamin Help Program contributors: a randomized managed trial of the USDA Wholesome Incentives Pilot. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104, 423–435 (2016).
Hartmann-Boyce, J. et al. Grocery retailer interventions to vary meals buying behaviors: a scientific overview of randomized managed trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 107, 1004–1016 (2018).
Janssen, M. & Hamm, U. Product labelling available in the market for natural meals: client preferences and willingness-to-pay for various natural certification logos. Meals Qual. Favor. 25, 9–22 (2012).
World Impacts Report 2017 (Marine Stewardship Council, 2017).