Sajad Ahmad Gangoo, Tahir Mushtaq and Parvaiz Ahmed Reshi
Tens of millions of the individuals in growing nations don’t have sufficient meals to fulfill their day by day necessities and innumerable ones are poor in a number of micronutrients (FAO, 2004). India, residence to the second largest human inhabitants on this planet, isn’t any exception. Many rural communities rely on wild sources together with wild edible vegetation to fulfill their meals wants in intervals of meals disaster, in addition to for extra meals dietary supplements. The variety in wild plant species presents selection in household weight loss program and contributes to family meals safety. Worldwide Institute for Setting and Improvement (IIED) famous in its report that many wild edibles are nutritionally wealthy and may complement dietary necessities, particularly nutritional vitamins and micronutrients. Moundu et al., 1999, discovered that dietary evaluation of similar wild meals vegetation demonstrates that in lots of circumstances the dietary high quality of untamed vegetation is comparable and in some case even superior to domesticated varieties.
Vital work within the subject of ethnobotany has been executed in previous 3-4 a long time within the Himalayan state of J&Okay by many staff together with Abrol and Chopra, 1962., Gupta et al., 1990., Kachroo and Nahvi, 1993., Kiran et al., 1999, Koul et al., 1986 and Gangoo et al., 2021. Right here under we’ve talked about 25 greens that are being utilized by the agricultural folks that the city individuals should even have of their kitchen gardens for varied dietary advantages.
1. PUMBHAAK (Rheum webbiana): is a leafy perennial herb distributed in altitudes starting from 2800 to 3800 m within the temperate areas of Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim in India containing round 40 disease-fighting and well being selling which have the potential for cultivation in Kitchen gardens in Kashmir.
2. WHATKRAM (Silene vulgaris): Its younger leaves are candy and edible uncooked as salad or cooked. It has a dietary composition much like different leafy greens and is a wealthy supply of Vitamin C, carotenes and different photochemical compounds with well being selling and immunity boosting properties.
3. HAEND (Taraxacum officinalis): The leaves (referred to as dandelion greens) may be eaten cooked or uncooked in varied types, reminiscent of in soup or salad. The leaves are excessive in nutritional vitamins A and C, in addition to iron, phosphorus, and potassium. Many Kashmiris imagine it as a vegetable irrigated by water from paradise.
4. SERI-CHENNA (Vicia tenuiflora): it accumulates an unbelievable quantity of vitamins. Notably protein, folate and a number of other different nutritional vitamins and minerals. It’s also loaded with soluble fiber that aids in digestion and decrease levels of cholesterol.
5. DRUBHAAK (Polygonum aviculare): It’s harvested from the wild or grown on a small scale as a leaf vegetable and is a good supply of vitamin A, vitamin C, phosphorus, zinc, potassium and manganese. It additionally gives. It’s wealthy in resveratrol, which is similar substance in pink wine that lowers levels of cholesterol in addition to reduces the chance of coronary heart assault.
6. KRALMOND (Capsella-bursa pastoris): is a small annual and ruderal flowering plant gathered from the wild or cultivated. It’s used as meals, to complement animal feed, for cosmetics, and in conventional drugs (reportedly to cease bleeding). The plant may be eaten uncooked, the leaves are finest when gathered younger. It’s a good supply of Vitamin C, is a folks treatment for most cancers.
7. PREZDAR (Eremurus himalicus): It’s cooked as contemporary or used as spice in tribal areas of Kashmir. The species is wealthy in polyphenols and antioxidants. It additionally has antimicrobial properties and has functionality of stopping the expansion of micro organism.
8. KALVEUTH (Prunella valgaris): It’s edible, and can be utilized in salads, soups, stews, and boiled as pot herb.The principle elements are ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, glycoside of oleanolic acid, rutin, hyperoside, caffeic acid, nutritional vitamins C and D, carotene, tannin, alkaloids, camphor, and fenchone.
9. NAG BABBER (Nasturtum officinalis): is a species of aquatic flowering plant. The brand new suggestions of its leaves may be eaten uncooked or cooked. It consists 95% water and has low contents of carbohydrates, protein, fats, and dietary fiber. It’s notably wealthy in vitamin Okay, vitamin A, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium, and manganese.
10. WOPAL HAAK (Dipsacus Inermis):.is an edible perennial herb which is extensively utilized in Kashmiri conventional drugs for therapy physique ache, cough, swelling and sore throat. It’s a good supply of proteins, sulphur, carbonate, terpenes, saponin, tanic and phenolic compounds
11. JANGLI PRAN (Allium victoralis): It’s a perennial plant that happens broadly in mountainous areas of Europe and elements of Asia . The plant, in previous centuries in sure mountainous areas, “was cultivated as a medicinal and as spice”. It’s a good supply of Vit A, Vit Okay, Vit B1, Foliate and Vit C. It’s utilized by native individuals as antiscorbutic and antithrombotic agent and for the therapy of chilly and extreme menstruation.
12. UBAJ (Rumex nepelensis): Roots are wealthy in carbohydrates (48.62%) and fat (15.57%). The stem is superb supply of carbohydrates (24.50%) and dietary fiber (19.26%). Leaves are edible and include oxalic acid, tannins and have astringent together with barely purgative results.
13. VAN WAGUN (Podophylum hexandrum): The species thrives finest as undergrowth in forests in properly drained humus wealthy soil in temperate and subalpine zones. The egg formed fruit may be cooked as vegetable. The first constituents are lignin glycosides, podophyllotoxin, podophyllic acid and picropodophyllin, α-peltalin and β-peltalin.
14. CHAKLADDER (Pleuropetropyrum polystachyum): Its roots are edible both uncooked or fire-roasted with a taste resembling chestnuts. The seeds may be dried and floor into flour and used to make bread. They had been additionally roasted and eaten as a cracked grain. The younger leaves may be eaten uncooked or cooked. It is a superb supply of Nutritional vitamins A and C and accommodates potassium, zinc, phosphorus and manganese. It has been utilized in its native nations for treating respiratory infections
15. KAODACH (Berberis lyceum): The fruits are edible and are used for therapy of jaundice, diabetes, eye infections, fractured bones, inner wounds, diarrhea, rheumatism, stomachache, and its use as a common physique tonic. Its fruits are wealthy supply of nutritional vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, anthocyanin and so on
16. CHHANSH (Rubus ellipticus): Its roots are used to deal with abdomen ache and complications, and its fruits are used to deal with indigestion. It additionally accommodates small quantities of Vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, calcium and zinc. Raspberries are an excellent supply of fiber and vitamin C.
17. TEIAGH (Pyrus pashia): Fruits of this plant is finest to eat when it’s barely decaying and include varied minerals like nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and iron (traces). The fruit can also be wealthy in phytochemicals, reminiscent of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechin.
18. TRINBAL (Ficus auriculata): Recent fruit of this plant are consumed as meals, and have diuretic, laxative and digestive regulating properties. It is a superb supply of crude protein 5.32%, carbohydrates 27.09%, crude fiber 16.96% and ash content material 3.7% and minerals as calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus.
19. KALAZEERA (Bunium persicum): The seeds are most valued as a garnish to excessive worth, very particular Indian dishes; they shouldn’t be floor, as their taste could be decreased. It accommodates 20.3% protein, 45.4% fats, 7.1% moisture, 7.4% ash and the remainder being whole carbohydrate
20. DRILLI (Ranunculus lactus): is a widespread and customary perennial in meadows and pastures, and can also be present in parks, gardens and at woodland edges. Individuals dry the elements that develop above the bottom and use them for drugs. Regardless of security considerations, it’s used for arthritis, nerve ache, blisters, ongoing (persistent) pores and skin issues, and bronchitis. Crops grown in meadows are a wealthy supply of rutin, flavonoids and phenolics.
21. NUNAR (Portulaca oleraca): Purslane is used as vegetable and accommodates 93% water, 3% carbohydrates, 2% protein, and accommodates negligible fats. it’s also a wealthy supply of alpha-linolenic acid, a vital omega-3 fatty acid.
22. KRECH (Centuria ibbilaris: Throughout spring the acropetal leaves showing flat to the bottom are lifted as complete plant and dried to be used as vegetable. Within the rosette stage protein content material ranged between 10 and 13% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) between 26 and 28%. It’s also used as ruminant meals.
23. DADE (Aspelenium sp.) : The fern leaves are edible as contemporary or dried type. It’s a wealthy supply of flavinoids, antioxidants and antibacterial compounds and can also be helpful for illnesses of the spleen.
24. LEESE (Amaranthus caudatus): is edible is ready and cooked like different greens. The It’s a good supply of power and is a reasonably wealthy supply of dietary minerals, together with phosphorus, manganese, and iron. It includes of 75% water, 19% carbohydrates, 4% protein, and a pair of% fats.
25. GULE (Plantago lanceolate): is used ceaselessly in natural teas and different natural treatments. Within the conventional Austrian drugs leaves have been used internally (as syrup or tea) or externally (contemporary leaves) for therapy of problems of the respiratory tract, pores and skin, insect bites, and infections. It accommodates phenylethanoids reminiscent of acteoside (verbascoside), cistanoside F, lavandulifolioside, plantamajoside and isoacteoside. It additionally accommodates the iridoid glycosides aucubin and catalpol.
Word: These within the cultivation of the aforesaid greens might contact the Division of Forest Merchandise & Utilization (FPU), School of Forestry-Benhama, Ganderbal, SKUAST-Kashmir.
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