In regular situations, meal ingestion induces satiation and fullness which, relying on the kind of meals ingested, particular person sensitivity and reflex exercise, might have a pleasurable dimension resulting in digestive well-being. Nevertheless, 84% of people with IBS expertise digestive signs associated to meals consumption, together with belly ache, bloating and belly distension, which aren’t secondary to structural abnormalities of their digestive tract.
The examine of factors that determine digestive sensations is at present an energetic space of analysis for scientists reminiscent of these on the College Hospital Vall d’Hebron in Barcelona, Spain.
A new cross-over, randomized study, led by Dr. Fernando Azpiroz from the Digestive System Analysis Unit at College Hospital Vall d’Hebron, elucidates how weight loss program influences intestine microbiota composition and metabolic exercise, colon biomass and notion of digestive sensations in wholesome people.
The authors administered a high-fat and low-residue weight loss program (Western-type weight loss program; 4.7 g fiber from meals sources) versus a low-fat and high-residue weight loss program (fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program; 54.2 g fiber from meals sources) for 2 weeks in 20 wholesome males after a interval of two weeks on a balanced weight loss program. Thus, all individuals acquired each interventions, however the order wherein they had been acquired was randomized.
Though the 2 weight loss program varieties had been nicely tolerated, resulting in a sensation of digestive well-being, the fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program led to excessive scores of flatulence and rumbling sounds attributable to fuel transferring by way of the intestines and the next variety of anal fuel evacuations. Stool consistency, stool weight and colonic content material had been additionally greater in individuals on the fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program.
Though on the intestine microbiota composition stage some genus and species had been enriched in individuals who adopted the fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program, a core intestine microbiota was shared no matter dietary intervention.
In distinction, each diets had a notable impact on intestine microbiota metabolic exercise. As such, a complete of 27 metabolic pathways confirmed greater expression following the fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program. It’s fascinating to notice that not all of the genomes present in intestine microbial communities had been influenced in the identical method by weight loss program. For instance, the fiber-enriched Mediterranean weight loss program led to a intestine microbiome with excessive variety and enriched in as much as 1322 gene households with a much less anal fuel evacuation in individuals with a intestine microbiota that didn’t change after every intervention (i.e., strong intestine microbiota).
The outcomes counsel that the metabolic capability of the intestine microbiome may adapt to dietary substrates so dietary fiber doesn’t essentially be the wrongdoer of signs in all folks. Whereas sufferers with gut-brain interplay issues reminiscent of irritable bowel syndrome normally exclude fiber from their weight loss program as means to enhance signs, the present findings present this selection couldn’t relate to anal fuel evacuations in a subset of individuals.
A brief interval of two weeks was sufficient time for the intestine microbiota to adapt to dietary substrates, which highlights the significance of evaluating in a personalised method the necessity to exclude dietary fiber for managing digestive points. Certainly, a small quantity (10 g) of fiber day by day has been shown to be sufficient to selectively promote the expansion of helpful Bifidobacterium species within the intestine. Moreover, a previous intervention study confirmed that low-dose prebiotics had been superior to the identified exclusion FODMAP weight loss program for managing digestive signs, suggesting that digestive signs may be alleviated by modulating the metabolic exercise and composition of the intestinal microbiota with weight loss program.
In conclusion, the findings present that though weight loss program doesn’t all the time result in adjustments in intestine microbiota composition, it will possibly have a profound impact on intestine microbial metabolic features. That, in flip, can have implications for wholesome topics and sufferers with digestive signs with no detectable abnormalities in response to standard diagnostic strategies.
References:
Böhn L, Störsrud S, Törnblom H, et al. Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013; 108(5):634-641. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.105.
Barber C, Mego M, Sabater C, et al. Differential effects of Western and Mediterranean-type diets on gut microbiota: A metagenomics and metabolomics approach. Vitamins. 2021; 13(8):2638. doi: 10.3390/nu13082638.
So D, Whelan Okay, Rossi M, et al. Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018; 107(6):965-983. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy041.